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Title: DIFFERENCE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF PHAGOCYTOSIS OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE I AND II WITH PERIODONTAL DISEASE
Authors: Eliphelet Enríquez Tello, Violeta Cecilia Tinoco Cabriales, Octavio Rangel Cobos, Alejandro Téllez Garza, Bertha Luna García & Mario Alberto Palomares Rodriguez
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Eliphelet Enríquez Tello: Graduate in Dental Surgeon, M.D, of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. Violeta Cecilia Tinoco Cabriales: Professor of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. Octavio Rangel Cobos: Professor of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. Alejandro Téllez Garza: Professor of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. Bertha Luna García: Professor of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas. Mario Alberto Palomares Rodriguez: Professor of the Dentistry Faculty, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas.

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Abstract: Abstract – The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the percentage of phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in patients with diabetes type I and type II with periodontal disease, recent COVID-19 pandemic that has affected millions of people in the world, it has been shown that patients with diabetes have a greater susceptibility to seriously developing the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 20 patients from the Periodontology Postgraduate clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, who underwent a sample of 10 ml of heparinized blood was taken and 3 ml of Dextran 3% was added and incubated at 37 ° C for two hours in a serological bath, at the end of this time they were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 6 minutes, the cells were washed with the GIBCO ™ DMEM culture medium 3 times for further counting and adjusted the population at 2-4 x 10 6 cells / ml. The experimental design consisted in using 200 ?l of the cells in GIBCO ™ DMEM culture medium and 300 ?l of a pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus was diluted in 0.85% saline solution, both reagents were incubated at 37 ° C for 45 minutes, then the cells were resuspended and it placed 1 drop on a slide, dried, fixed with methanol and stained each smear using the Gram technique to then count 100 cells that phagocytosed and not phagocytosed. Results: Control patients reported an average of 83.20 ± 5.81 phagocytic action, and diabetic patients type I and type II reported an average of 40.70 ± 9.92. Likewise, when analyzing the percentage of non-phagocytosis, the control patients presented an average of 16.80 ± 5.81 and the diabetic patients of 59.30 ± 9.92, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001), by other hand, comparing the percentage of phagocytosis among patients with diabetes type I and type II were not statistically significant, with an average of 40.20 ± 11.90 in patients with type I diabetes and 41.20 ± 8.90 in patients with diabetes type II (p=0.884). Conclusions: The percentage of phagocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was decreased in patients with diabetes type I and type II compared to the control group, with an average of 83.20% phagocytosis in the control group versus 40.70% of phagocytosis in the experimental group. There is a two-way relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. On the one hand, people with diabetes are at higher risk of developing complications when they have COVID-19 and, on the other, SARS-CoV-2 could act as a diabetogenic agent by binding to ACE2 in the beta cells of the pancreas causing acute dysfunction and impaired glucose regulation.

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