International Journal of Engineering Technology and Scientific Innovation
Submit Paper

Title:
REVIEW OF NUMERICAL APPROACH USED IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES

Authors:
Ben Uwihanganye , Christiaan A. Adenya , Hiram M. Ndiritu

|| ||

Ben Uwihanganye1 , Christiaan A. Adenya2 , Hiram M. Ndiritu3
1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Main campus Juja, Kenya
2. Department of Marine Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Main campus Juja, Kenya
3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Main campus Juja, Kenya

MLA 8
Uwihanganye, Ben, et al. "REVIEW OF NUMERICAL APPROACH USED IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES." IJETSI, vol. 3, no. 4, Sept.-Oct. 2018, pp. 201-335, ijetsi.org/more2018.php?id=15. Accessed Oct. 2018.
APA
Uwihanganye, B., Adenya, C., & Ndiritu, H. (2018, September/October). REVIEW OF NUMERICAL APPROACH USED IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES. IJETSI, 3(4), 201-335. Retrieved from ijetsi.org/more2018.php?id=15
Chicago
Uwihanganye, Ben, Christiaan A. Adenya, and Hiram M. Ndiritu. "REVIEW OF NUMERICAL APPROACH USED IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS FOR FLOATING STRUCTURES." IJETSI 3, no. 4 (September/October 2018), 201-335. Accessed October, 2018. ijetsi.org/more2018.php?id=15.

References
[1]. Mehdi S. Aidin R., Mooring optimization of floating platforms using agenetic algorithm www.researchgate.net/publication/23590819 6; 2006.
[2]. Philip, Nallayarasu, & Bhattacharyya., Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of heave damping effects due to circular plates attached to spar hull Nimmy, Ships and Offshore Structures, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2013.83 5146, 2013.
[3]. Jian Hua and Li Zhoub., Experimental and numerical study on wave drift forces on a semi- submersible platform in waves College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, P.R. China & Aker Solutions, Fornebu, Norway, 2015
[4]. Pinkster JA. Low frequency second order wave exciting forces on oating structures. Delft (the Netherlands): Delft University of Technology, 1980
[5]. Yipeng Pana, Prasanta Kumar Sahooa & Lin Lub Numerical study of hydrodynamic response of mooring lines for large floating structure in South China Sea, Taylor & Francis, 2015.
[6]. Zhengqiang Xu Phd thesis: Drag Coefficient and Damping of Moorings and their Effect on FPSOs Response University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine, 2014.
[7]. Ioannis K. Chatjigeorgiou, Ioannis Thanos, Paraskevi Bourma, Thomas Mazarakos and Spyros A. Mavrakos; Mooring system & motion response analysis of a gas import terminal in operating and survival conditions, National Technical University of Athens, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Laboratory of Floating Structures and Mooring Systems 9 Heroon Polytechniou Ave, GR157-73, Greece, 2005
[8]. O.M. Faltinsen, Book: Sea loads on ships and offshore structures, Cambridge university press, 1990. [9] Sue Wang, On the Assessment of Thruster Assisted Mooring, American Bureau of Shipping Houston, Texas, USA, 2012.
[10]. S. Ryu, Hull/Mooring/Riser Coupled Motion Simulations of Thruster-Assisted Mooring Platforms, Texas A&M University, 2003.
[11]. Dietmer Deter, Conference of Dynamic Positioning, Marine Technology Society, 1997.
[12]. Aalbers, B. Albert, de Vries, Leo; van Vugt, Hans, Dynamic Positioning,. Conference, Fuel consumption and emission predictions: application to a DPFPSO concept. Houston, October 2006.
[13]. Ramberg, S. E. and Gri n, O. M., Free Vibrations of Taut and Slack Marine Cables Journal. of Struct. Div., ASCE, Nov. 1977. Also, see discussion in the June 1978 issue.
[14]. API Recommended Practice, Design and Analysis of Station keeping Systems for Floating Structures., 2005.
[15]. Vryhof, Anchor Manual, 2015.
[16]. DR. IR. Gerad Van OORTMERSSEN, The motions of a moored ship in waves, Publication no. 510 Netherlands ship model basin Wageningen, the netherlands, 2008.
[17]. K. E. Klingan, Automated optimization and design of mooring systems for deep water, M.thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[18]. SUBRATA K. Chakrabarti, Handbook of offshore Engineering Offshore Structure Analysis, Inc, Elsevier Ltd,2005
[19]. G.T. Houlsby and B.W. Byrne, Design Procedures for Installation of Suction Caissons in Clay and Other Soils. OUEL 2268/04,2004
[20]. Atturio, J. M., Valent, P. J., and Taylor, R J.,"Preliminary Selection of Anchor Systems for OTEC," Ocean Engineering, Vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, 1979
[21]. Taylor, R. J., Jones, D. and Beard, R. M., Uplift-Resisting Anchors, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, 1979
[22]. Valent, P. J., Taylor, R. J., Atturio, J. M., and Beard, R. M., Single Anchor Holding Capacities for OTEC in Typical Deep Sea Sediments Ocean Engineering, Vol. 6, Nos. 1/2, 1979.
[23]. Baldt Inc. Baldt Anchor Catalogue. Chester (PA): Baldt.1990a
[24]. Baldt Inc. Baldt chain catalogue. Chester (PA): Baldt. 1990b.
[25]. Musial W, Buttered S. Future for offshore wind energy in the United States, Energy Ocean 2004 Conference; June 2829; Palm Beach, Florida.
[26]. Mohammed Khair Al-Solihat and Meyer Nahon; Stiffness of slack and taut moorings, Francis and Taylors, 2015.
[27]. Z. Gao and T. Moan; Mooring system analysis of multiple wave energy converters in a farm configuration, Proceedings of the 8th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Otto Nielsens vei 10, NO7491, Trondheim, Norway, 2009
[28]. Dongsheng Qiao and Jinping Ou, Global responses analysis of a semisubmersible platform with different mooring models in South China Sea, Deepwater Engineering Research Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China / Taylor & Francis, 2012.
[29]. Gottlieb, O. and Yim, S. C. S., Nonlinear oscillations, bifurcations and chaos in a multipoint mooring system with a geometric nonlinearity, Appl. Ocean Res; 1992
[30]. Umar, A. and Siddiqui, N. A., Reliability analysis of a moored vessel, Journal of Structural Engineering, SERC, India, 2002
[31]. Zhi-Ming Yuan & Atilla Incecik Numerical study on an hybrid mooring system with clump weights and buoys; Ocean Engineering, 2014
[32]. Vicente P.C., Falc£o A.F., Justino P. J Slack-chain mooring configuration analysis of a floating wave energy converter. 26th International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, Athens, Greece.2011
[33]. Yang, W.S., Phd thesis: Hydrodynamic Analysis of Mooring Lines Based on Optical Tracking Experiments. Texas A & M University, December 2007.
[34]. Lars Johanning, George H. Smith, Julian Wolfram; Measurements of static and dynamic mooring line damping and their importance for floating and underwater WEC devices, Elsevier ltd, 2007
[35]. E. Huse, Influence of mooring line damping upon rig motions, In: Proceedings of the 18th Offshore Technology Conference; 1986 May 58 Houston, TX. p.433438.
[36]. Huse E. New developments in prediction of mooring system damping in; Proceedings of the 23rd Offshore Technology Conference; 1991 May 69; Houston, TX. p. 291298.
[37]. E. Huse, Matsumoto K. Practical estimation of mooring line damping, Proceedings of the 20th Offshore Technology, 1988.
[38]. JOURNE, J. M. J. & MASSIE, W. W. Offshore Hydromechanics, Delft University of Technology, 2001.
[39]. Bayati, Jonkman J, Robertson A. The effects of second-order hydrodynamics on a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine. Journal of Physics, 2014.
[40]. Faltinsen OM., Sea loads on ships and ocean structures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990
[41]. Stansberg C, Yttervik R, Nilsen F. Wave drift forces and response in storm waves. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Mobile Units;1998.
[42]. Hassan A, Downie M, Incecik A, Baarholm R, Berthelsen P, Pakozdi C, Stansberg C. Contribution of the mooring system to the low-frequency motions of a semisubmersible in combined wave and current. Proceedings of the ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, O shore and Arctic Engineering; 2009 May 31Jun 5; Honolulu (HI): ASME, 2009.
[43]. Berthelsen P, Baarholm R, Pakozdi C, Stansberg C, Hassan A Downie M, Incecik A. Viscous drift forces and responses on a semisubmersible platform in high wave, Proceedings of the ASME 2009; 28th International Conference on ocean Off shore and Arctic Engineering; 2009 May 31Jun 5; Honolulu (HI): ASME, 2009
[44]. Nallayarasu S, Siva Prasad P. Hydrodynamic response of spar and semisubmersible interlinked by a rigid yole part I: regular waves. Ships Offshore Struct. 7(2):133141,2012.
[45]. Nallayarasu S, Siva Prasad P. Hydrodynamic response of spar and semisubmersible interlinked by a rigid yole part II: random waves, Ships Offshore Struct. 7(2):133141,2012.
[46]. Ye Q, Jin W, He Y, Bai Y. System reliability of a semi-submersible drilling rig. Ships Offshore Structures. 2013
[47]. Schellin, T. E., Jiang, T.and Sharma S. Numerical prediction of low-frequency surge of two moored floating production platforms; Proceedings of Tenth International Symposium and Exhibit on Offshore; Mechanics and Arctic Eng., Vol. 1-A, Offshore Technology, Houston, pp.165174
[48]. Lingzhi Xiong, Wenhua Zhao, Study on global performances and mooring- induced damping of a semi-submersible, Article in China, Ocean Engineering October 2016.
[49]. Tianhui Fan, Dongsheng Qiao & Jinping Ou, Innovative approach to design truncated mooring system based on static and damping equivalent, Taylor & Francis, Ships and Offshore Structures, 9:6, 557-568, DOI: 10.1080/17445302.2013.867631,2014.
[50]. Liu, Y. Dynamics and Extreme Value Problems for Moored Floating Platforms. Ph.D. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1998.
[51]. Liu, Y.; Bergdahl, L. Frequencydomain dynamic analysis of cables. Eng. Struct. 1997, 19, 499506
[52]. Christian Bauduin & Mamoun Naciri, A Contribution on Quasi-Static Mooring Line Damping, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 2000.
[53]. Qiao, D. & Ou, J., Mooring line damping estimation for a floating wind turbine., The American Naturalist Scientific World Journal, 2014, 840283. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/840283, 2014
[54]. HUSE,E. Influence of mooring line damping upon rig motions, Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas, 1986.
[55]. NAKAMURA, M., KOTERAYAMA, W. & KYOZUKA, Y. Slow drift damping due to drag forces acting on mooring lines, Ocean Engineering, 18, 283296. 1991. [56] Casarella M.J. and M. Parsons Cable systems under hydrodynamic loading, J.Mar Technol Soc. 1970
[57]. M. Finker and G. Siedler, Drag coefficients of oceanographic mooring components, Kiel University, 1985.
[58]. Fofonoff N.P. Buoy-system motions, Hand book of ocean and underwater engineering, McGraw Hill, 9-109 to 9-115, 1969.
[59]. Sass F. & Ch. Bouche, Handbook of ocean engineering, Dubbel Taschenbuch fur Maschinenbau, Springer-Verlag,884 pp; 1956.
[60]. Hoerner, S.F. Fluid Dynamics Drag Publ. by the Author New Jersey, 1965.
[61]. Myers, D.A., Holm C. H. & R.F. McAllister, Handbook of ocean and underwater engineering, McGraw Hill 1-2 to 12-112pp, 1969.
[62]. HUSE, E. & MATSUMOTO, K. Mooring line damping due to first and second order vessel motion, Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, Texas, 1989.
[63]. LUO, Y. & BAUDIC, S. Predicting FPSO responses using model tests and numerical analysis, 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering. Conference (ISOPE-2003), Honolulu, Hi. 167-174, 2003.
[64]. WICHERS, J. E. W. & DEVLIN, P. V. Effect of coupling of mooring lines and risers on the design values for a turret moored FPSO in deep water of the Gulf of Mexico, 11th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE2001), Stavanger, Norway. 480-487, 2001.
[65]. Sarkar, A., Taylor, R.E., Dynamics of mooring cables in random seas, J. Fluids Struct. 16 (2), 193212, 2002.
[66]. Bradley J. Buckham, Dynamics Modelling of Low-Tension Tethers for Submerged Remotely Operated Vehicles. University of victoria, 1997.
[67]. J. J. Marco Masciola and A. Robertson, Extending the capabilities of the mooring analysis program: A survey of dynamic mooring line theories for integration into fast, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2014
[68]. Chatjigeorgiou, I. K. and Mavrakos, S. A. Comparative evaluation of numerical schemes for 2D mooring dynamics, Int. J. OffshorePolar Eng;2000.
[69]. Y.Inoue, H.Miyabe, X.Weiyi and M.Nakamura, Comparative Study on the Quasi-Static Analysisand Dynamic Simulations for Estimating the Maximum Tensions of Mooring Lines, International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 1991.
[70]. Vickers, A. Improve the Understanding of Uncertainties in Numerical Analysis of Moored Floating Wave Energy Converters. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, 2012.
[71]. PAPAZOGLOU, V. J., MAVRAKOS, S. A. & TRIANTAFYLLOU, M. S. Nonlinear cable response and model testing in water. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 140, 103-115,1990
[72]. Johanning, L.; Smith, G.H.; Wolfram, J. Towards design standards for WEC moorings. In Proceedings of the 6th European,Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Glasgow, UK, 29 August 2 September 2005.
[73]. Hall, M.; Goupee, A. Validation of a lumped-mass mooring line model with DeepCwind semi-submersible model test data. Ocean Eng. 2015, 104, 590603
[74]. Griffin, O. M. and Rosenthal, F., The Dynamic Of Slack Marine Cables, J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 11(4), pp. 298302, 1989.
[75]. Starossek, U. Cable Dynamics a Review, J. Structural Eng. Int., 4, pp. 171176, 1994.
[76]. Wang, L.Z.; Guo, Z.; Yuan, F. Quasistatic three-dimensional analysis of suction anchor mooring system. Ocean Eng. 2010, 37, 11271138.
[77]. Chai, Y.; Varyani, K.; Barltrop, N. Semi-analytical quasi-static Formulation for three-dimensional partially grounded mooring system problems. Ocean Eng. 2002, 29, 627649
[78]. Masciola, M.; Jonkman, J.; Robertson, A. Implementation of a Multi segmented, Quasi-Static Cable Model. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Anchorage, AK, USA, 30 June5 July 2013.
[79]. Gatti-Bono, C., and Perkins, N. C; Numerical Simulations of Cable/Seabed Interactions, J. Int. Soc. Offshore and Polar Eng., 14(2);2004
[80]. Nicoll, R. A; Dynamic Simulation of Marine Risers with Vortex Induced Vibrations, Masters Thesis, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; 2004.
[81]. Masciola, M., Nahon, M., and Driscoll, F., Preliminary Assessment of the Importance of Platform Tendon Coupling in a Tension Leg Platform, J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng., 135(3), 2012.
[82]. Masciola, M., Jonkman, J., Robertson, A., Coulling, A., and Goupee, A. Assessment of the Importance of Mooring Dynamics on the Global Response of the DeepCwind Floating Semisubmersible Offshore Wind Turbine, 23rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering (ISOPE) Conference, Anchorage, AK, June 30 July 2013.
[83]. R. Chiou, PhD thesis: Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Response of Curved Singly Connected cable., Oregon State University, 2004
[84]. Chai Y. Varyani K. and Barltrop N. Semi-analytical Quasi-Static Formulation for three Dimensional Partially Grounded Mooring System Problems, Ocean Eng., 29, pp. 627649, 2002.
[85]. Buckham B. Driscoll F. R. and Nahon M. Development of a Finite Element Cable Model for Use in Low-Tension Dynamics Simulation J. Applied Mech., 71(4), pp. 476485. 2004.
[86]. Dalane, J. I., Fatigue Reliability Measured Response of the Heidrun TLP Tethers, Marine Structures pp. 611628; 1997.
[87]. Buckham B. Nahon M. Seto M. Zhao X. and Lambert C. Dynamic of a Towed Underwater Vehicle System: Part 1: Model Development Ocean Eng., 30(4), pp. 453470. 2003
[88]. Powell, G., and Simons, J., Improved Iteration Strategy for Nonlinear Structures Journal of. Numerical Methods 1981.
[89]. Lambert C. Nahon M. and Chalmers D. 2007 Implementation of an Aerial Positioning System with Cable Control IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 12(1), pp. 3240.
[90]. Nahon M. 1999 Dynamics and Control of a Novel Radio Telescope Antenna AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit, pp. 214222.
[91]. Williams P. Trivaila P. 2007 Dynamics of Circularly Towered Cable Systems, Part 1: Optimal Configurations and their Stability J. Guidance, Control and Dynamics, 30(2), pp. 753765
[92]. Walton, T. S. and Polacheck, H., Calculation of Transient Motion of Submerged Cables, Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 14, No. 69, 1960, pp. 27- 46.
[93]. Hicks, J. B. and Clark, L. G., On the Dynamic Response of Buoy-Supported Cables and Pipes to Currents and Waves, Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. OTC-1556, 1972, pp. 453-462
[94]. Nath, J. H. and Felix, M. P., Dynamics of a Single Point Mooring in Deep Water, ASCE Journal of Water Ways, Harbour and Coastal Engineering Division, Vol. 96, 1970, pp. 815-833.
[95]. Merchant, H. C. and Kelf, M. A. NonLinear Analysis of Submerged Ocean Buoy Systems, Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS 73, Vol. 1, 1973, pp. 390-395.
[96]. Kelf, M. A. and Merchant, H. C. Analysis of a Multiple Buoy Instrument Platform; A Non-Linear Model Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS 74, Vol.1, 1974, (pp.44-48)
[97]. Matsubara, Y., Hideaki, N., and Hirao, A.Dynamic Behaviour of the Submerged Buoy-Cable System by Ocean Waves Coastal Engineering in Japan, Vol. 28, 1985, (pp. 235-241.)
[98]. Khan, N. U. and Ansari, K. A. On the Dynamics of a Multicomponent Mooring Line, Computers and Structures, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1986, pp. 311-334.
[99]. Herbich, J. B. and Ansari, K. A. Developments in Offshore Engineering. Wave Phenomena and Offshore Topics, Gulf Publishing Co.: Houston, TX, 1999, pp. 195- 233.
[100]. B. V. . C. Barbu, A novel numerical approach to the dynamics analysis of marine cables, International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2014
[101]. Rupe R. C. and Thresher R. W. 1975, The Anchor-Last Deployment Problem for Inextensible Mooring Lines; Transactions of the ASME, (74-WA), pp. 10461052.
[102]. Low, Y.; Langley, R. Time and frequency domain coupled analysis of deepwater floating production systems. Appl. Ocean Res. 2006, 28, 371385
[103]. Van den Boom, H. Dynamic behavior of mooring lines. In Proceedings of the BOSS Conference, Delft, The Netherlands, 15 July 1985.
[104]. Chai, Y.; Varyani, K.; Barltrop, N. Three-dimensional Lump-Mass formulation of a catenary riser with bending, torsion and irregular seabed interaction effect. Ocean Eng. 2002, 29, 15031525.
[105]. Garret, D. L. Dynamic Analysis of Slender Rods, J. Energy Resource Technology, 104, pp. 302306, 1982.
[106]. Kennedy, R. M., Crosstrack Dynamics of a Long Cable Towed in the Ocean, IEEE OCEANS81, Boston, MA, September 1618, pp. 966970, 1981.
[107]. Lo, A., and Leonard, J. W., Dynamic Analysis of Underwater Cables, J.Eng. Mechanics Division, 108(4), pp. 605621,1982.
[108]. Leonard, J. W., and Nath, J. H., Comparison of Finite Element and Lumped Parameter Method for Oceanic Cables, Eng. Structures, 3(3), pp.153167, 1981.
[109]. Bathe, K. J., Finite element procedure, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-hall, 1996.
[110]. Chung, J., and Hulbert, G. M., A Time Integration Algorithm for Structural Dynamic with Improved Numerical Dissipation: the Generalize Method, J. App. Mech. (pp. 371375); 1993.
[111]. Ketchman J. J. and Lou Y. K; Application of the Finite Element Method to Towed Cable Dynamics, Proc. MTS/IEEE Oceans, 1975.
[112]. Yang Min-Dong and Teng Bin; Static and dynamic analysis of nonlinear finite element, Chinese, Ocean Engineering Society, 2010.
[113]. Ran, Z. Coupled Dynamic Analysis of Floating Structures in Waves and Currents Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 2000.
[114]. D. L. Garrett, Coupled Analysis of Floating Production Systems; Ocean Eng., 32, pp. 802816, 2005
[115]. Buckham, B. J. Dynamics Modeling of Low Tension Tethers for Submerged Remotely Operated Vehicles Ph.D. Thesis, University of Victoria, British Columbia, 2003.
[116]. Kaczmarczyk, S., and Ostachowicz, W. Transient Vibration Phenomena in Deep Mine Hoisting Cables: Part 1: Mathematical Model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003.
[117]. Aamo, O.M.; Fossen, T.I. Finite element modelling of mooring lines. Math. Comput. Simul. 2000 , 53, 415422.
[118]. Aamo, O.; Fossen, T. Finite element modelling of moored vessels. Math. Comput. Model. Dyn. Syst. 2001 , 7, 4775
[119]. Palm, J.; Paredes, G.M.; Eskilsson, C.; Pinto, F.T.; Bergdahl, L. Simulation of mooring cable dynamics using a discontinuous Galerkin method. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering, Hamburg, Germany, 2931 May 2013
[120]. Montano, A. Restelli, M. Sacco, R. Numerical simulation of tethered buoy dynamics using mixed finite elements. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2007, 196, 41174129
[121]. Howell, C. T. and Triantafyllou, M. S., Investigation of Large Amplitude Nonlinear Dynamics of Hanging Chains, International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1993, pp. 162- 167
[122]. Thomas D. O. and Hearn G. E. Deep water mooring line dynamics with emphasis on sea-bed interference effects, Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 7488, Vol. 3, 203 241; 1994.
[123]. Huang, S., Dynamic analysis of three - dimensional marine cables, Ocean Eng; 1994.
[124]. Hover, F. S., Grosenbaugh, M. A. and Triantafyllou, M. S., Calculation of dynamic motions and tensions in towed underwater cables, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng; 1994.
[125]. Gobat, J., and Grosenbaugh, M., TimeDomain Numerical Simulation of Ocean Cable Structures, Ocean Eng., 33(10), pp. 13731400, 2006.
[126]. Matulea, I. C., N stase, A., T lmaciu, N., Sl mnoiu, G. and Goncalves Coelho, A. M., On the equilibrium configuration of mooring and towing cables, Appl. Ocean Res; 2008.
[127]. Chatjigeorgiou, I.; Mavrakos, S. Assessment of bottom-cable interaction effects on mooring line dynamics. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, 56 July 1998.
[128]. Ablow, C.; Schechter, S. Numerical simulation of undersea cable dynamics. Ocean Eng. 1983, 10, 443457.
[129]. Howell, C.T. Investigation of the Dynamics of Low-Tension Cables. Ph.D.Thesis, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1992.
[130]. Chatjigeorgiou, I.K. A finite differences formulation for the linear and nonlinear dynamics of 2D catenary risers. Ocean Eng. 2008, 35, 616636.
[131]. Winget, J.; Huston, R. Cable dynamics, A finite segment approach. Comput. Struct. 1976, 6, 475480.
[132]. Kamman, J.W.; Huston, R.L. Modelling of submerged cable dynamics. Comput. Struct. 1985, 20, 623629.
[133]. Nichol, T.; DuBuque, G.; Fabien, B.; Dynamic Modelling of Compliant-Moored Submerged Systems with Applications to Marine Energy Converters. In Proceedings of the 2nd Marine Energy Technology Symposium, Seattle, WA, USA, 1517 April 2014.
[134]. Filipich, C.; Rosales, M. Dynamic Analysis of plane mooring chains of inextensible links. Mec. Comput. 2007 , 26, 24792495.
[135]. Josh Davidson and John V. Ringwood Mathematical Modelling of Mooring Systems for Wave Energy Converters. A Review, Centre for Ocean Energy Research, Maynooth University, 2017.
[136]. DNV-OS-E301 Offshore Standard, DNV GL, 2013.
[137]. Saidee, M.H. Fatigue Analysis and Design of Mooring Systems. Assessment and Comparison of Different Methods. Masters Thesis, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 2015.
[138]. Low, Y.M.; Cheung, S.H. On the long-term fatigue assessment of mooring and riser systems. Ocean Eng.2012, 53, 6071
[139]. Thies, P.R.; Johanning, L.; Smith, G.H. Lifecycle fatigue load spectrum estimation for mooring lines of a floating marine energy converter. In Proceedings of the ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 16 July 2012; pp.667676.
[140]. Thies, P.R.; Johanning, L.; Harnois, V.; Smith, H.C.; Parish, D.N. Mooring line fatigue damage evaluation for floating marine energy converters: Field measurements and prediction. Renew. Energy 2014, 63, 133144.
[141]. Christiansen, N.H.; Voie, P.E.T.; Hgsberg, J.; Sdahl, N. Efficient mooring line fatigue analysis using a hybrid method time domain simulation scheme. In Proceedings of the ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Nantes, France, 914 June 2013; p.V001T01A035.
[142]. Harnois, V. Analysis of Highly Dynamic Mooring Systems: Peak Mooring Loads in Realistic Sea Conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, 2014
[143]. Savin, A.; Svensson, O.; Leijon, M. Azimuth-inclination angles and snatch load on a tight mooring system. Ocean Eng. 2012, 40, 4049
[144]. Palm, J.; Eskilsson, C.; Bergdahl, L. Mooring cable simulations with snap load capturing for wave energy applications. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Renewable Energies Offshore, Lisbon, Portugal, 2428 October 2016
[145]. ISO 19901-7: Specific Requirements for Offshore Structures, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, 2013.
[146]. Singh, N. Systems Approach to Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacturing. Wiley, New York, 1996.
[147]. Su YH, Yang JM, Xiao LF, Li X. Multi-objective optimization design of truncated mooring system based on equivalent static characteristics. China Offshore Platform. 23(1):14 19, 2008.
[148]. Michalewicz Z. Genetic algorithms + data structures = evolution programs. New York (NY): Springer-Verlag, 1994.
[149]. Michalewicz, Z., Schoenauer, M., Evolutionary computation for constrained parameter optimization problems. Evolutionary Computation 4 (1), 132. 1996.
[150]. Lagaros N.D., Papadrakakis M., Kokossalakis G. Structural optimization using evolutionary algorithms. Computers and Structures 80, 539571, 2002.
[151]. Tianhui Fan, Dongsheng Qiao & Jinping Ou; Innovative approach to design truncated mooring system based on static and damping equivalent; Ships and Offshore Structures/ Francis taylor, 2014.
[152]. Tianhui Fan, Dongsheng Qiao, Jun Yan, Chaohe Chen & Jinping Ou Experimental verification of a semisubmersible platform with truncated mooring system based on static and damping equivalence ,Ships and Offshore Structures , 2017.

Abstract:
This paper present a review on the technologies that are used in station-keeping of floating platforms, the numerical methods used to model the mooring system dynamics with environmental load of wind, current and wave force interaction. Furthermore the design and optimization of the mooring system is reviewed. The lumped mass model found to be preferred in commercial application over finite element and finite difference based on its simplicity and ability to capture the same physics as of high order model. It was reviewed that Finite difference would be better if its present nuances and numerical limitation are eliminated. It is notable that the mooring line damping contribute about eighty percent of the total moored system damping, hence its accurate prediction is critical during the design. The mooring line damping depends on the drag force, therefore poor selection of the drag coefficient will lead to wrong prediction of the amplitude of oscillation of the floater. During optimization of mooring system, it is seen that the use of genetic algorithms have become popular. They account for environmental load distribution, anchor holding capacity and mooring line properties such as materiel length and tension. Some gaps are presented at the end of this review paper including unclear relationship between mooring line damping and total tension and the surface roughness effect on drag coefficient of mooring line.

IJETSI is Member of